Social Studies Ch 5 Lesson 2 California's Early Communities

Vocabulary
settlement - new community
settler - person who lives in a settlement

3 types of communities:
1. Missions - built by the Spanish, small religious community with a church, a few workshops, & rooms in which people lived
21 missions all built near the coast, Father Junipero Serra (a priest) helped build all the missions from San Diego to Sonoma
1st mission - San Diego de Alcala built in 1769
led by priests, they taught Christian religion, Indians worked growing wheat and corn and raising animals

2. Presidios - built by the Spanish, was a fort to protect the missions
 4 presidios, built near best harbors
1st presidio - San Diego in 1769
others were built in San Francisco, Santa Barbara, & Monterey
they were government buildings, soldiers & their families lived there, a large wall protected each presidio

3. Pueblo - a village, started by American Indians & people from Spain, Mexico, & Africa
had adobe houses, churches and public buildings
supplied missions & presidios with food & goods
1st built in 1777 near San Francisco (became San Jose)
Los Angeles was originally a pueblo

California's Explorers

Tricks for remembering Explorers who came to California:

Social Studies Ch 5 Lesson 1 Notes

SS Ch 5 Lesson1: Exploring California

Main Ideas:
1. Explorers came to California from Spain, England, & Russia
2. Explorers came to California for different reasons.

Christopher Columbus (Italian explorer) 1492 he sailed from Spain to try to find a shorter route to India but instead he found California

European explorers were sent to spread their religion, find treasure, to claim land, and to buy silk and spices from Asia
They wanted to find the Strait of Anian - which they hoped would allow them to sail through North America to Asia

Hernando Cortes (Spanish explorer) sailed from Mexico (called New Spain) in the 1500s, looking for the Strait of Anian, landed in Baja California in 1535 & claimed it for Spain

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (Spanish explorer) sailed North from Mexico in 1542, reached San Diego bay & was 1st explorer to land in Alta California, claimed Catalina Island & San Miguel Island for Spain, met the Chumash Indians

English Explorer
Sir Francis Drake landed in California in 1579, stopped near San Francisco & claimed the area for England

1602 - Spanish explorer Sebastian Vizcaino named San Diego & discovered Monterey Bay, drew maps of the coast

1700s Russians came to California to hunt seals and sea otters for their furs, they wanted pelts (animal furs) to make warm clothing to sell in Russia & China

Social Studies Ch 4 Lesson 3

Many American Indian tribes today have their own governments. They also take part in the US government.

Tribal government is separate or sovereign from the US government, state & local government
Like a separate country / nation
may have their own constitution
Tribal councils:
1. run the reservation,
2. represent its tribe in the state & national (US) government
3. manage the tribes economy
Tribal Governments offer special services to tribe members:
1. community meal once a week
2. child care programs
3. programs to help children with their schoolworkUS Constitution says that the national government has the power to work with Indians, they agreed to provide education, health care, and other services in exchange for the tribes' land
BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) works with tribes the most, they provide services for Indians like job training, medical care, & education
tribal & state governments try to cooperate with each other but the state government can't tell the tribal government what to do

Multiplication Timed Tests

Wednesday, January 4: Timed Test on 7's
Friday, January 6: Make-up Timed Test on 7 and any other test your child hasn't passed yet

Monday, January 9: Timed Test on 8's
Wednesday, January 11: Timed Test on 9's
Friday, January 13: Make-up Timed Tests on 8's & 9's

Monday January 16: Timed Test on 11's
Wednesday, January 18: Timed Test on 12's
Friday, January 20: Make-up Timed Tests 11's & 12's

Further dates for additional Make-up Test slots will be posted later. You may also come by after school Tuesdays or Thursday (around 3pm) to take make-up tests at your own pace!